Ohio State Flower: Scarlet Carnation

Ohio recognizes the Scarlet Carnation as its state flower. Each bloom displays numerous ruffled petals arranged in a full rounded shape. The flowers measure 2 to 3 inches across. Deep red petals give the scarlet variety its distinctive color. A spicy clove-like fragrance emanates from the blooms. Carnations grow on sturdy stems reaching 18 to 24 inches tall.

Carnations bloom year-round in greenhouses across Ohio. Outdoor garden carnations flower from late spring through fall. Peak blooming occurs in June and July for garden varieties. The plants require well-drained soil. Full sun produces the strongest growth. Gray-green narrow leaves grow opposite along the stems. Commercial growers in Ohio produce carnations for the floral industry throughout the year.

Ohio's floral industry developed significantly around carnation production during the early 1900s. Greenhouses in Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati specialized in carnation cultivation. The Columbus area became particularly known for carnation growing. These facilities supplied flowers for Memorial Day tributes, political events, and the cut flower market. Modern Ohio still maintains carnation production though the industry has declined from its peak.

This flower carries the common name Scarlet Carnation and the scientific name Dianthus caryophyllus. The plant belongs to the Caryophyllaceae family. This family includes pinks, sweet williams, and about 2,000 species of flowering plants worldwide.

The genus name Dianthus comes from Greek words meaning divine flower. The species name caryophyllus refers to the clove-like scent. Carnation comes from the word coronation, as these flowers decorated ceremonial crowns. The term may also derive from incarnation, referring to flesh-colored pink varieties.

Ohio specifically designated the scarlet or red variety rather than pink or white carnations. This color choice honored President McKinley who always wore a red carnation. The scarlet carnation appeared on McKinley campaign materials and became his trademark. After his assassination in 1901, Ohio citizens remembered him through this distinctive red flower.

Ohio established the Scarlet Carnation as its official state flower in 1904. This designation came three years after President William McKinley's assassination in Buffalo, New York. McKinley served as Ohio's governor before becoming president. He represented Ohio in Congress for 14 years before that. The carnation symbolized his entire political career.

McKinley wore a red carnation in his lapel constantly. He considered the flower his good luck charm. He gave carnations to visitors, well-wishers, and children. At public events, McKinley often removed his carnation and handed it to someone in the crowd. Minutes before his assassination at the Pan-American Exposition, McKinley gave his carnation to a young girl. This final gesture became part of American political legend.

After McKinley's death, Ohio citizens sought ways to honor their native son. The General Assembly received numerous petitions supporting the scarlet carnation. No opposition emerged to the proposal. Lawmakers unanimously agreed the flower represented Ohio's connection to McKinley. The legislature passed the designation on February 3, 1904. Ohio became one of the first states to choose a state flower based on a political figure rather than native flora.

The Northern Cardinal serves as Ohio's state bird, a brilliant red songbird common in Ohio woodlands and gardens year-round. Both symbols represent Ohio officially. Ohio adopted the Scarlet Carnation in 1904 and designated the Northern Cardinal as state bird in 1933.

The Scarlet Carnation is commonly seen as representing Ohio's connection to President William McKinley and his political legacy. The flower has been linked to patriotism, remembrance, and public service. Its red color traditionally symbolizes love and admiration while carrying connotations of McKinley's final generous gesture and Ohio's pride in its native son who became president.